Introduction
Wide Area Network (WAN) is a data communication network that connects user-user on the network that is located in a large geographic area. WAN has some important characteristics that distinguish it with the LAN. In the first lesson in this module will be the introduction of the WAN technologies and protocols. And will also explain how the similarities and differences between the LAN and WAN.
Is very important to understand the physical layer components on a router. This knowledge will add to the basic information and skills that will be required to configure the router and set the routing network. This module also describes the techniques of the physical connection of a variety of interface-interface router.
1. WAN
1.1 Introduction WAN
WAN is a data communication network is spread on a large geographic area such as provinces or countries. WAN always use the transmission facilities provided by telecommunications companies such as telephone services company.
Characteristics of WAN:
- Connect the equipment to spread to the wide geographic area
- Using public service channels, such as telecommunications companies. PT. Telkom, PT. Indosat, PT. Excelcomindo and others to form the network in the geographic area.
- Using a serial connection for access to bandwidth in all the geographic area.
- International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T), the Consultative Committee for International Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT)
- International Prganization for Standardization (ISO)
- International Engineering Task Force (IETF)
- Electronics Industries Association (EIA)
Characteristics of WAN:
- Connect the equipment to spread to the wide geographic area
- Using public service channels, such as telecommunications companies. PT. Telkom, PT. Indosat, PT. Excelcomindo and others to form the network in the geographic area.
- Using a serial connection for access to bandwidth in all the geographic area.
WAN different from the LAN. Unlike the LAN-connected workstation workstation, equipment, terminals and other equipment in a building, WAN connecting the data in a geographic area is large. Companies that use the WAN can make the connection between the headquarters and offices to branches that are in place that far.
Standard handling WAN:Operate on a WAN physical layer and data link layer of the OSI layer. WAN connecting LAN-LAN in a geographic area is large. WAN exchange able to package the data and the frame between the router and switch.
Operate on a WAN physical layer and data link layer of the OSI layer. WAN connecting LAN-LAN in a geographic area is large. WAN able to package the data and the frame between the router and switch.
Next is equipment used in the WAN:
- Router, including internetworking and port-port WAN interface
- Modem, including the interface voice-grade, channel service units / digital service units (CSU / DSU), which serves T1/E1 interface, and the Terminal Adapter / Network Termination 1 (TA / NT 1) interface as an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
- Server dial-in server and user-user who has to dial out to connect
Next is equipment used in the WAN:
- Router, including internetworking and port-port WAN interface
- Modem, including the interface voice-grade, channel service units / digital service units (CSU / DSU), which serves T1/E1 interface, and the Terminal Adapter / Network Termination 1 (TA / NT 1) interface as an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
- Server dial-in server and user-user who has to dial out to connect
Figure 1.1 Examples of data networks
- International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T), the Consultative Committee for International Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT)
- International Prganization for Standardization (ISO)
- International Engineering Task Force (IETF)
- Electronics Industries Association (EIA)
Figure 1.2 Tools WAN
WAN designed to:
- Operates in the geographic area that is very knowledgeable
- Ability to provide serial connection with low cost and low-speed or high cost and high speed, for example via the ATM or fiber optics
- Ability to provide full-time connection and part-time
- Operates in the geographic area that is very knowledgeable
- Ability to provide serial connection with low cost and low-speed or high cost and high speed, for example via the ATM or fiber optics
- Ability to provide full-time connection and part-time
Figure 1.3 WAN Service
Figure 1.4 Enkapsulasi data link
1.2 Introduction to WAN router
- Save the routing table
- Handling the ARP cache
- Handling the fast-switching cache
- Handling the packet buffering and share RAM
- Handling the queue package
- To provide temporary memory for configuration files at the time of the router to work
- Data will be lost when the router is turned off or restart
NVRAM function and have the following characteristics:
- To provide storage for the startup configuration file
- Data is still there even though the router is turned off or restart
Flash memory has the functions and characteristics as follows:
- Handle ios image
- Providing access to update the software without having to remove the chip on prosesornya
- Data is still there when the router is turned off or restart
- It can store multiple versions of software ios
- Is a type of Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-only memory (EEPROM)
Router is a special computer, a router has components with the same basic desktop PC, Router have CPU, memory, system bus, and many interface input / output. Router designed to perform specific tasks that are not owned by the PC desktop. For example, connect the router and allow communication between the two networks and determine the path of data through the network connection.
Same with the PC, a router operating system to function, the Internetwork Operating System (ios) software to run the configuration files. Configuration-configuration contains commands and parameters that control the flow of traffic that enter and exit from the router. Router using routing protocols to determine the best path.
RAM has the functions and characteristics as follows:Same with the PC, a router operating system to function, the Internetwork Operating System (ios) software to run the configuration files. Configuration-configuration contains commands and parameters that control the flow of traffic that enter and exit from the router. Router using routing protocols to determine the best path.
The main components of the router is a random-access memory (RAM), nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM) and the interfaces.
- Save the routing table
- Handling the ARP cache
- Handling the fast-switching cache
- Handling the packet buffering and share RAM
- Handling the queue package
- To provide temporary memory for configuration files at the time of the router to work
- Data will be lost when the router is turned off or restart
NVRAM function and have the following characteristics:
- To provide storage for the startup configuration file
- Data is still there even though the router is turned off or restart
Flash memory has the functions and characteristics as follows:
- Handle ios image
- Providing access to update the software without having to remove the chip on prosesornya
- Data is still there when the router is turned off or restart
- It can store multiple versions of software ios
- Is a type of Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-only memory (EEPROM)
ROM has the functions and characteristics as follows:
- Handle commands for power-on diagnosis selt test (POST)
- Save bootstap program and basic operating system
- Need to remove the chip on the motherboard when upgrading software
Interface functions and have the following characteristics:
- Connecting to a network router as the exit data entry package
- Only in the motherboard or as a separate module
- Handle commands for power-on diagnosis selt test (POST)
- Save bootstap program and basic operating system
- Need to remove the chip on the motherboard when upgrading software
Interface functions and have the following characteristics:
- Connecting to a network router as the exit data entry package
- Only in the motherboard or as a separate module
Figure 1.5 Components internal router
1.3 LAN and WAN Router
Router have interface for both LAN and WAN. WAN technology, always use the router. WAN connection using a router to communicate with the other. Router is the backbone equipment from large-scale intranet or the Internet. Router operates at OSI layer 3, making a decision based on the network address. Two of the main function of the router is to select the best path and as a packet-switching and packet data interface to the destination. To perform its function, the router always formed routing table and the exchange of information on the network with the other router.
Router have interface for both LAN and WAN. WAN technology, always use the router. WAN connection using a router to communicate with the other. Router is the backbone equipment from large-scale intranet or the Internet. Router operates at OSI layer 3, making a decision based on the network address. Two of the main function of the router is to select the best path and as a packet-switching and packet data interface to the destination. To perform its function, the router always formed routing table and the exchange of information on the network with the other router.
Administrators can perform static routing configuration for maintaining routing table. Basically melaukan maintain preferred routing tables dynamically in the exchange of information on the network with the other router.
Internetwork the correct configuration requires the following:
- Address end-to-end must be consistent
- Address used in the network topology
- Elections best path
- Routing dinamic or static
- The process of switching
For example, if X is a computer communication with the computer and the computer Y Z. As depicted in the image on 1.6, it requires routing information. Many paths that can be adopted to reach the computer Y and Z, choose router will be the best path.
Internetwork the correct configuration requires the following:
- Address end-to-end must be consistent
- Address used in the network topology
- Elections best path
- Routing dinamic or static
- The process of switching
Figure 1.6 Segmentation using a router
Figure 1.7 connection technology with WAN router
Figure 1.8 The path
Figure 1.8 The path
Figure 1.9 Communication anytime and anywhere
1.4 The rules in the WAN Router
Standards and protocols, or from the main function of the operation is in the WAN physical layer and data link layer. 5 means the layer was not found in other WAN. In other words, the standard protocol and layer 1 and layer 2 WAN different from the standard protocol and layer 1 and layer 2 of the LAN.
Below is a list of standards and protocols on the WAN physical layer:
- EIA/TIA-232
- EIA/TIA-449
- V.24
- V.35
- X.21
- G.703
- EIA-530
- ISDN
- T1, T3, E1 and E3
- XDSL
- SONET (OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, OC-192)
Standards and protocols, or from the main function of the operation is in the WAN physical layer and data link layer. 5 means the layer was not found in other WAN. In other words, the standard protocol and layer 1 and layer 2 WAN different from the standard protocol and layer 1 and layer 2 of the LAN.
WAN physical layer describes the interface between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE). Generally, the DCE is in the provider side and the DTE device is located on the side. On this model, communication through the DTE with the help of a modem or CSU / DSU.
Main function of a router is to send data using a layer 3 address. This process is called routing. Routing occurs at the network layer, or layer 3. If the WAN operate at layer 1, 2 and 3, if the router is the equipment for the LAN or WAN? the answer is both.
Main function of a router is to send data using a layer 3 address. This process is called routing. Routing occurs at the network layer, or layer 3. If the WAN operate at layer 1, 2 and 3, if the router is the equipment for the LAN or WAN? the answer is both.
In the WAN router is to deliver packets of data on the layer 3, but it can also be used in the LAN. At the time of the router using a standard protocol and physical layer and data link layer it operates as a WAN equipment. For example, a router may need to have the ISDN interface that uses PPP encapsulate and a serial interface that is connected to a T1 line using encapsulate Frame Relay. Router must be able to change the bit stream from the services of one type to another type, in this case to ISDN and T1 change encapsulate data link from the PPP to Frame Relay.
Below is a list of standards and protocols on the WAN physical layer:
- EIA/TIA-232
- EIA/TIA-449
- V.24
- V.35
- X.21
- G.703
- EIA-530
- ISDN
- T1, T3, E1 and E3
- XDSL
- SONET (OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, OC-192)
Below is a list of standards and data link layer protocol on the WAN:
- High-level data link control (HDLC)
- Frame Relay
- Points-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
- Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)
- Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
- X.25
- ATM
- LAPB
- LAPD
- LAPF
- Frame Relay
- Points-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
- Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)
- Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
- X.25
- ATM
- LAPB
- LAPD
- LAPF
Figure 1.10 WAN connection using
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1 comment:
Men99 <-10watt->
Nice Inpo gan.. Anak Cisco ya...
Salam bloging
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